# Thermocouple Wire for Industrial Heat Treatment

> Box, vacuum, pit and continuous furnaces — and ceramic kilns. Precision thermocouple alloy conductors for every furnace type and atmosphere.

## Applications

| Scenario | Requirement | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Box Furnaces | Batch heat treatment of tools, dies and components. Steady-state temperature control for carburising and hardening cycles. | Type K, φ0.5–2.0 mm |
| Vacuum Furnaces | Low-pressure heat treatment of aerospace alloys and tool steels. Requires minimal outgassing and stable EMF in vacuum. | Type N, φ0.25–1.0 mm |
| Pit Furnaces | Vertical furnaces for large shafts, tubes and wire coils. Long immersion lengths — stranded wire for vibration resistance. | Type K stranded, φ1.0–3.0 mm |
| Continuous Annealing Lines | Wire, strip and tube pass continuously through a heated zone. Fast-response bare wire for rapid temperature tracking. | Type K, φ0.1–0.5 mm |
| Ceramic Kilns | Batch and tunnel kilns for tableware, technical ceramics and refractories. Oxidising atmosphere, 900–1300 °C. | Type K or N, φ0.5–1.5 mm |

## Considerations

| Factor | Guidance |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | Endothermic gas (carburising): Type K. Vacuum or reducing (nitriding): Type N. Type K develops green rot in low-oxygen atmospheres above 800 °C. |
| Temperature uniformity | AMS 2750 (aerospace) requires ±3 °C uniformity. Choose Class 1 / Special Limits tolerance wire and calibrate at the furnace survey interval. |
| Mechanical life | Furnace charging and thermal cycling flex the wire repeatedly. Stranded wire lasts 3-5× longer than solid in pit and box furnace installations. |